Former Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, the architect of India’s transformative economic reforms, passed away on Tuesday at the age of 92. His demise prompted an outpouring of tributes and condolences from political leaders across the spectrum and industrial giants, underscoring the profound impact he had on the nation.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in a heartfelt post on X, described Singh as one of India’s “most distinguished leaders” and a “respected economist” who left an indelible mark on the nation’s economic policies. Despite political differences—Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party unseated Singh’s Congress-led coalition in 2014—the acknowledgment reflected the widespread respect Singh commanded.
A Legacy of Economic Transformation
Dr. Singh’s journey from academia to policymaking was marked by groundbreaking achievements. Before assuming the role of prime minister in 2004, he served as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in 1982 and later as Finance Minister in 1991. His tenure as finance minister came at a time when India faced a dire balance of payments crisis. Under the leadership of then-Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao, Singh spearheaded economic liberalization, deregulating industries and opening India’s markets to foreign investment.
These reforms not only averted an economic collapse but also laid the foundation for decades of rapid economic growth. Reflecting on Singh’s contributions, Gautam Adani, India’s second-richest individual, wrote, “History will forever honour his pivotal role in the transformative 1991 reforms that reshaped India and opened its doors to the world.”
A Decade of Governance
Dr. Singh returned to prominence as prime minister in 2004, leading India through a decade of significant development. During his tenure, India’s GDP saw remarkable growth, enabling programs like the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, which provided critical livelihood support to millions.
However, his later years in office were marred by challenges, including slowing economic growth, stalled reforms, and allegations of corruption involving members of his administration.
Championing Global Partnerships
Singh was instrumental in strengthening India’s ties with major global powers. His visits to the United States solidified the U.S.-India strategic partnership, culminating in the landmark 2006 nuclear agreement with President George W. Bush, granting India access to U.S. nuclear technology.
“Dr. Singh was one of the greatest champions of the U.S.-India strategic partnership,” the U.S. Department of State remarked in its tribute, noting that his efforts laid the groundwork for contemporary bilateral achievements.
Singh also deepened ties with Russia, attending numerous India-Russia Annual Summits and fostering collaboration within BRIC nations. Russian Ambassador to India Denis Alipov praised Singh’s “immeasurable contribution” to bilateral relations.
A Statesman Remembered
Dr. Manmohan Singh will be remembered not just as a distinguished economist and reformer but also as a leader who navigated India through pivotal moments in its history. His legacy of economic transformation, global diplomacy, and public service continues to inspire generations.
